Location and lead time affect inventory management and stock levels, and can even lead to overproduction and extreme waste in supply chain operations. It�s no secret that inefficiencies in global supply chains have led to stockouts and shortages during COVID-19, which have hiked up the cost of some goods. But what is less reported is how these inefficiencies also lead to overproduction, resulting in an incredible amount of waste. In the food industry, for example, food overproduction and surplus have led to vast amounts of waste globally in economically developed countries. This isn�t good from a sustainability point of view or economic growth.