Environmental, social and governance (ESG) factors are growing in importance but remain difficult to measure and thus to manage. But as mandatory disclosure requirements gain traction globally, a solution to this problem may be emerging from fundamental accounting science and principles. Professor Robert S. Kaplan, Senior Fellow and Marvin Bower Professor of Leadership Development, Emeritus at Harvard Business School, is co-architect of the E-liability system of accounting for greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. The system tethers emissions to products and the processes that went into creating them. Each supply chain participant�s emitting liabilities are assigned to its output products and passed downstream to the next customer in the chain, down to the end-use consumer.